SSL VPNs protect corporate assets from Internet exposure, but what if SSL VPNs themselves are vulnerable? They're exposed to the Internet, trusted to reliably guard the only way to intranet. However, we found pre-auth RCEs on multiple leading SSL VPNs, used by nearly half of the Fortune 500 companies and many government organizations. To make things worse, a "magic" backdoor was found to allow changing any user's password with no credentials required! To show how bad things can go, we will demonstrate gaining root shell from the only exposed HTTPS port, covertly weaponizing the server against their owner, and abusing a hidden feature to take over all VPN clients!
In such complicated closed-source systems, gaining root shell from outside the box certainly ain't easy. It takes advanced web and binary exploitation techniques to struggle for a way to root shell, which involves abusing defects in web architectures, hard-core Apache jemalloc exploitation and more. We will cover every detail of all the dirty tricks, crazy bug chains, and the built-in backdoor. After gaining root shell into the box, we then elaborate on post exploitation and how we hack back the clients. In addition, we will share the attack vectors against SSL VPNs to kick start researches on similar targets. On the other hand, from our previous experience, we derive general hardening actions that mitigate not only all the above attacks, but any other potential 0days.
In summary, we disclose practical attacks capable of compromising millions of targets, including tech giants and many industry leaders. These techniques and methodologies are published in the hope that it can inspire more security researchers to think out-of-the-box; enterprises can apply immediate mitigation, and realize that SSL VPN is not merely Virtual Private Network, but also a "Vulnerable Point of your Network".
Cheng-Da Tsai, also as known as Orange Tsai, is the principal security researcher of DEVCORE and member of CHROOT security group from Taiwan. He has spoken at conferences such as Black Hat USA/ASIA, DEF CON, HITCON, HITB, Hack.lu, CODEBLUE and WooYun. He participates in numerous Capture-the-Flags (CTF), and won 2nd place in DEF CON 22/25 as team member of HITCON. Currently, he is focusing on application security and 0day research. Orange enjoys finding vulnerabilities and participating in Bug Bounty Programs. He is enthusiastic about Remote Code Execution (RCE), and uncovered RCEs in several vendors, such as Facebook, Uber, Apple, GitHub, Amazon, Netflix, Yahoo and Imgur. Twitter: @orange_8361 Blog: http://blog.orange.tw/
Tingyi Chang, also known as Meh Chang(@mehqq_), is a security researcher at DEVCORE. She focuses on binary program analysis and exploitation. She is a member of HITCON and 217 CTF team and has won the second place of DEF CON 25.